This is a test to determine whether you are a progressive or not… Read the following paragraphs and see if you agree with them or not. One answer per CATAGORY please! FOR MY STUDENTS …2 PERCENT OF GRADE.. There is no right answer on this test. You may submit a essay on this subject as extra credit?
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!) Freedom and Liberty
That all men are created equal and that they have certain inalienable rights. All are also obliged to obey the natural law, under which we have not only rights but duties. We are obliged "to respect those rights in others which we value in ourselves?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
Freedom is not a gift of God or nature. It is a product of human making, a gift of the state. Man is a product of his own history,
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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2) The Purpose of Government
Civilization is indispensable for human well-being. Although government can be a threat to liberty, government is also necessary for the security of liberty.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
The individual was ready-made by nature. freedom is redefined as the fulfillment of human capacities, which becomes the primary task of the state.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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3) Elected Officials
Government was to be conducted under laws, and laws were to be made by locally elected officials, accountable through frequent elections to those who chose them. The people would be directly involved in governing through their participation in juries selected by lot.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
The origin of the state is regarded, not as the result of a deliberate agreement among men, but as the result of historical development, instinctive rather than conscious; and rights are considered to have their source not in nature, but in law.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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4) God and Religion
Christians and Jews believed in the God of the Bible as the author of liberty but also as the author of the moral law by which human beings are guided toward their duties and, ultimately, toward their happiness.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
God was simply rejected as a myth. The state is the "perfection of humanity, the civilization of the world; the perfect development of the human reason and its attainment to universal command over individualism?
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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5) Limits on Government and the Integrity
That government was incompetent at directing man in his highest endeavors. The requirements of liberty, they thought, meant that self-interested private associations had to be permitted, not because they are good in themselves, but because depriving individuals of freedom of association would deny the liberty
A) Agree
B) Disagree
The state as divine and the natural as low, they no longer looked upon the private sphere as that which was to be protected by government. Instead, the realm of the private was seen as the realm of selfishness and oppression.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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6. Domestic Policy
The civil law had to provide for the poor to have access to acquiring property by allowing the buying and selling of labor and property through voluntary contracts and a legal means of establishing undisputed ownership. The burden of proof was on government if there was to be any limitation on the free use of that property. Laws regulating sexual conduct aimed at the formation of lasting marriages so that children would be born and provided for by those whose interest and love was most likely to lead to their proper care, with minimal government involvement needed because most families would be intact.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
Government must protect the poor and other victims of capitalism through redistribution of resources, anti-trust laws, government control over the details of commerce and production: i.e., dictating at what prices things must be sold, methods of manufacture, government participation in the banking system, and so on.Government must become involved in the "spiritual" development of its citizens -- not, of course, through promotion of religion, but through protecting the environment ("conservation"), education (understood as education to personal creativity), and spiritual uplift through subsidy and promotion of the arts and culture.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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7. Foreign Policy
Foreign and domestic policy were supposed to serve the same end: the security of the people in their person and property. Therefore, foreign policy was conceived primarily as defensive. Foreign attack was to be deterred by having strong arms or repulsed by force. Alliances were to be entered into with the understanding that a self-governing nation must keep itself aloof from the quarrels of other nations, except as needed for national defense. Government had no right to spend the taxes or lives of its own citizens to spread democracy to other nations or to engage in enterprises aiming at imperialistic hegemony.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
That a historical process is leading all mankind to freedom, or at least the advanced nations. Following Hegel, they thought of the march of freedom in history as having a geographical basis. It was in Europe, not Asia or Africa, where modern science and the modern state had made their greatest advances. The nations where modern science had properly informed the political order were thought to be the proper leaders of the world.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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8. Who Should Rule, Experts or Representatives?
That laws should be made by a body of elected officials with roots in local communities. They should not be "experts," but they should have "most wisdom to discern, and most virtue to pursue, the common good of the society" (Madison). The wisdom in question was the kind on display which relentlessly dissected the political errors of the previous decade in terms accessible to any person of intelligence and common sense.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
That modern science had superseded the perspective of the liberally educated statesman. Only those educated in the top universities, preferably in the social sciences, were thought to be capable of governing. Politics was regarded as too complex for common sense to cope with. Government had taken on the vast responsibility not merely of protecting the people against injuries, but of managing the entire economy as well as providing for the people's spiritual well-being. Only government agencies staffed by experts informed by the most advanced modern science could manage tasks previously handled within the private sphere. Government, it was thought, needed to be led by those who see where history is going, who understand the ever-evolving idea of human dignity.
A) Agree
B) Disagree
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